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Dynamic Calibration Method for Copper Crusher Gauges Based
2020年2月27日· Pressure measurement Piezoelectric transducer Copper crusher gauge Dynamic calibration High strain rate Download conference paper PDF 1 Introduction Ballistics is in general the study of a projectile’s motion in threedimensional1993年1月1日· This specification covers copper crusher spheres for use in crusher gauges, primarily intended for use in measuring pressures in weapons This document isSTANAG 4113 Pressure Measurement by Crusher Gauges
Wilhelm Handke GmbH
CRUSHER MEASURING SYSTEMS For more than 70 years we, the WILHELM HANDKE GMBH, produce a lot of various types and standards of crusher gauges and copperpressure measurement Despite its drawbacks, the crusher gauge technique [2] is still widely used nowadays It is simple (there is no further instrumentation needed), cheapDynamic Calibration Method for Copper Crusher Gauges Based
Dynamic Calibration Method for Copper Crusher Gauges Based on
2020年2月27日· This might explain the difference of up to 20% in peak pressures between the crusher values and that measured by a piezoelectric pressure transducer, currentlyPressure calculations in copper crusher method are based on linear plastic deformation of copper after firing However, crusher pressure deformation at high pressures deviates fPiezoelectric sensor and copper crushers ResearchGate
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Kistler pressure transducer and the copper crushers All measurements were taken at 21 ±2°C in a completely enclosed shooting test stand free from weather influences Results2017年2月25日· Published 29 Aug 2017 Abstract Gun chamber pressure is an important parameter in proofing of ammunition to ensure safety and reliability It can be measuredNonlinear Material Behavior Analysis under High Compression
Copper crushers dynamic calibration in the laboratory Fraunhofer
For copper crusher gauges usually static calibration data is available This data has to be corrected for dynamic effects in connection with the transient pressure buildup in a gun2019年11月18日· Decades ago, due to the lack of suitable electronic measuring equipment, these measurements were conducted using a simple copper crusher method The copper crusher method consists of a copper cylinder which is deformed depending on the pressure produced in the chamber of the weapon during the firing process 20,21Pushout force and impulse measurement of seven types of small
COMPARISON OF PIEZO AND BALL COPPER PRESSURE
LOJ{Rli, et a! : Piezo and Ball Copper Pressure TABLE 2 P~ESSURE MEASUREMENTS BY PIEZO GAUGES AND MARK 9 BALL CO~~ER CRUSHER GAUGES, IN CLOSED VESSEL SYSTEM Corrected copper pressure (kgfcm2) Piezo pressure (kg/cm2) Percentage deviation from Piezo pressure Round No Average RL x 104 (cm)To this day, most published chamber pressure (MAP) data for metallic cartridges is taken by the copper crusher method of measurement The proper name for this type of measurement is CUP, or Copper Units of Pressure Another, similar, method uses lead crusher pellets and the resulting pressure values are called "Lead Units of Pressure,"Metallic Cartridge Chamber Pressure Measurement
Piezoelectric sensor and copper crushers ResearchGate
Pressure calculations in copper crusher method are based on linear The analysis of 762 mm × 39 ammunition ballistic pressure measurement results by a pressure gauge and a piezoelectric2020年2月27日· In the field of interior ballistics, crusher gauges are still widely used for the gas peak pressure measurement within a fired ammunition Under the effect of the gas chamber pressure, a copperDynamic Calibration Method for Copper Crusher Gauges Based
Chamber pressure Wikipedia
Copper crusher method Through the mid1960s, the most common way of measuring pressure was drilling a hole through the chamber of the barrel and inserting a copper slug that fit flush with the chamber walls When a cartridge is fired, it compresses the copper slug It is then removed, measured, and compared to the original dimensions2011年1月4日· Pressure against the piston shortens the crusher We measure the crusher and consult a table of pressure values provided with each crusher lot Starting at 0499 inch, the table lists decreasing lengths in thousandths of an inch and, beside each length, the pressure in copper units of pressure (CUP) that it takes to shorten that muchCUP, psi & Reloading Data Shooting Times
What are the specifications of the copper crusher? LinkedIn
2023年2月10日· The copper crusher works by measuring the deformation of a copper cylinder that is placed under the influence of a high pressure load The specifications of a copper crusher may vary dependingThere have been other means to test pressure, such as a copper crusher, or even lead crusher, but they are long retired means There is no direct correlation between this antique pressure measurements to the modern Piezo Transducer So while it is an interesting footnote it is no longer a useful measurement technique for modern ballisticsWays to Measure Pressure | The Ballistic Assistant
propellant pressure measurement copper crusher presentation
The H Il Copper Crusher gage is a self contained,re usable pressure gage used to measure peak pressure developed in the chamber of large caliber gunsRecently,the M li gage was tested against crusher gages from other NATO nations for precisionThe M il gage (high pressure) failed to meet the precision requirements of less than 1% (2% forThe M11 Copper Crusher Gage is a device which measures peak pressure developed in the chamber of large caliber weapons This gage is one of two models used by the US Army in testing gun systems and is used for high pressure measurements between 150 and 550 MPa In the Third NATO Crusher Gage Comparison Trials held at Meppen,Stress Analysis and Modification of the M11 Copper Crusher Gage
EPVAT system for case mouth pressure measurement
Pressure calculations in copper crusher method are based on linear plastic deformation of copper after EPVAT system for case mouth pressure measurement Source publication +24Copper units of pressure or CUP, and the related lead units of pressure or LUP, are terms applied to pressure measurements used in the field of internal ballistics for the estimation of chamber pressures in firearmsThese terms were adopted by convention to indicate that the pressure values were measured by copper crusher and lead crusher gaugesPhysics:Copper units of pressure HandWiki
Engineering:Chamber pressure HandWiki
Developed in the late 1960s, the most common method of accurately measuring chamber pressure is the Piezo method It is similar to the copper crusher method where a hole is drilled into the chamber, but rather than a copper slug a quartz crystal transducer is inserted and attached to sensitive measuring equipmentPressure calculations in copper crusher method are based on linear plastic The analysis of 762 mm × 39 ammunition ballistic pressure measurement results by a pressure gauge and aBarrel with 2 holes (for copper crusher and piezo pressure)
Copper units of pressure | Military Wiki | Fandom
Copper units of pressure or CUP, and the related lead units of pressure or LUP, are terms applied to pressure measurements used in the field of internal ballistics for the estimation of chamber pressures in firearmsThese terms were adopted by convention to indicate that the pressure values were measured by copper crusher and lead crusher gaugesApplied Engineering Publication "(AEP)23(Edition 2) Pressure Measurement by Crusher Gauges NATO Approved Tests for Crusher Gauges," NATO, pp 2, 2005 Yong Hwa Kim "The Study on the Replacement of Copper Crusher Gauge for Weapon Chamber Pressure Measurement," DTAQ, pp 132 2017A Study on the Effects of Relationship Between Copper Crusher
A (Very) Short Course in Internal Ballistics Fr Frog's Pad
2018年12月26日· Piezo (PSI) and strain gauge (PSI) are not directly relatable to copper crusher (CUP) due to the differences in the sensitivity of the copper crusher versus the other methods used to measure the pressure However, new statistical data analysis suggests that for most cartridges ANSI/SAAMI Maximum Average Piezo (PSI) andA broad selection of powders with the correct burn rate can be used to optimize 308 Winchester velocity and accuracy Early factory loads were advertised with 110grain bullets at 3,340 fps, 150s at 2,860 fps, 180s at 2,610 fps and 200grain bullets at 2,450 fps However, those velocities are generally listed today with a more realistic 150 at308 Winchester (Pet Loads) | Handloader Magazine
A (Very) Short Course in Internal Ballistics Fr Frog's Pad
2018年12月26日· Piezo (PSI) and strain gauge (PSI) are not directly relatable to copper crusher (CUP) due to the differences in the sensitivity of the copper crusher versus the other methods used to measure the pressure However, new statistical data analysis suggests that for most cartridges ANSI/SAAMI Maximum Average Piezo (PSI) and